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The role of crustal anatexis in porphyry copper ore formation during flat-slab subduction: Insights from the Laramide Belt, SW USA . Thomas N Lamont 1, Matthew A Loader 2, Nick M W Roberts 3, Frances J Cooper 1,4, Jamie J Wilkinson 2,5, Dan Bevan 1,6, Adam Gorecki7, Anthony Kemp 6, Tim Elliott 1, Nicholas J Gardiner8 and Simon Tapster3. 1School of Earth Sciences, Wills …
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Most nonrecycled supplies come from porphyry copper deposits (PCDs), which form when hot, metal-bearing fluids percolate up through Earth's crust. But while geologists have long recognized — and exploited — PCDs, …
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"The assumption [in the study] is that the processes going on in volcanic systems — in the shallow environment in volcanoes themselves — are somehow linked to the porphyry-ore forming process," says Jamie Wilkinson, …
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An important special case of ore formation by weatherin g with metal transfer by meteoric seep age water is the supergene enrichment of un - expl oitable low - grade primary mineralizations ...
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Time scales of degassing and porphyry copper formation. ... T. & Heinrich, C. A. Porphyry-copper ore shells form at stable pressure-temperature fronts within dynamic fluid plumes. Science 338 ...
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Geological Formation of Cuprite. Cuprite typically forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of copper deposits. Its geological formation is closely tied to the weathering and alteration of primary copper minerals in the presence of oxygen-rich groundwater.. The primary copper minerals, such as chalcopyrite (copper iron sulfide) or bornite (copper iron …
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According to the type of ore formation, marine volcano (sub-volcano) – hydrothermal deposit can be divided into the following: (1) "Black ore" deposits in green tuff formation. (2) Copper-bearing pyrite deposits in the spillite-keratophyre formation. (3) Siderite deposits in the rhyolite-andesite formation.
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The proposed time-period for porphyry ore formation, which may have exceeded 1.5 Myrs post emplacement of the LHG cupola, is not uncommon for medium to large scale, composite porphyry systems e.g ...
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Porphyry copper deposits are large. They commonly consist of hundreds of millions to billions of tonnes of ore. However, they contain typically only 0.5–1.5% copper and are therefore classified ...
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The link between volcanism and the formation of copper ore has been discovered by researchers from the University of Bristol, UK. Their findings, published in Nature Geoscience, could have far ...
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A History of Exploration for and Discovery of Finland's Ore Deposits. I. Haapala, H. Papunen, in Mineral Deposits of Finland, 2015 Discovery of the Outokumpu (Keretti) Copper Deposit. The discovery of the Outokumpu copper ore in North Karelia was an epoch-making achievement in the history of the Finnish mining industry. The story of the discovery has been described in …
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Porphyry-related mineral deposits are giant geochemical anomalies in the Earth's crust with orders-of-magnitude differences in the content and proportion of the three main ore metals Cu, Au, and Mo. Deposit formation a few kilometers below surface is the product of a chain of geologic processes operating at different scales in space and time.
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To explain the formation of the Laramide Porphyry Province, we propose that volatiles derived from the leading edge of the Farallon flat slab promoted melting of both mafic …
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Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Copper partitioning between silicate melts and amphibole: Experimental insight into magma evolution leading to porphyry copper ore formation" by Ying-Jui Hsu et al.
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Porphyry copper deposits are the world's most important source of Cu, supplying over two thirds of the total Cu production (Sillitoe, 2010).They are typically associated with subduction-related magmatism at convergent plate margins (Sillitoe, 1972, Richards, 2003).Ore metals are transported by magmas from the mantle wedge to the upper crust, and …
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Peacock ore, also known as bornite, is a copper-iron sulfide mineral famed for its striking iridescent hues, which appear in shades of purple, blue, green, and yellow. Its colors resemble the vibrant plumage of a peacock, giving rise to its nickname. ... Bornite formation and mining have significant environmental implications. Copper extraction ...
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The decisive factor controlling the formation of sediment-hosted copper deposits with large reservers is the specific nature of the paleohydrogeological and geochemical environment. ... (1963), copper was leached from ore deposits of humid provenance by surface waters, and redeposited in arid regions in the form of carbonates that subsequently ...
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There are several factors that can influence the formation and concentration of copper mineralization, including: Geology: The presence of suitable host rocks and favorable geological structures, such as faults or …
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The formation of porphyry copper deposits in regions of thickened continental crust remains enigmatic. Insights from the Laramide Porphyry Province in Arizona suggest a link between shallow-slab ...
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A key finding of this paper is that most volcanoplutonic arcs above subduction zones are prospective for porphyry ore formation, with probabilities only falling to low values at …
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1. Introduction. The long-accepted paradigm for the formation of porphyry copper deposits holds that the copper and associated metals are transported to the site of deposition in an aqueous liquid (e.g., Candela and Holland, 1986).There is increasing support, however, for the notion that aqueous vapours and low-density supercritical fluids may play an important, and …
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For example, development of major porphyry copper deposits/districts is favored by the presence of clustered alteration-mineralization centers, mafic or massive carbonate host rocks, voluminous magmatic-hydrothermal breccias, low sulfidation-state core zones conducive to copper deposition as bornite ± digenite, hypogene and supergene sulfide ...
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To understand how copper is formed, it helps to look at how porphyry deposits—the largest current sources of copper ore—form. The orebodies …
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Porphyry deposits are large, low-grade metal ore bodies that are formed from hydrothermal fluids derived from an underlying magma reservoir. They are important as major …
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As China's economy enters the "new normal," China's copper consumption has increased substantially, from the original net exporter to the world's largest consumer and net importer (Fig. 1).Therefore, accelerating the exploration and development of copper resources, consolidating and improving the supply level of domestic copper resources, and laying a solid …
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The concentration of copper ore is a crucial step in the extraction process, aimed at increasing the copper content and separating it from waste rock (gangue). ... Crushing and Heap Formation: The ore is crushed into small pieces and heaped onto an impermeable pad. Leaching Agent: Dilute sulfuric acid is sprayed over the heap, ...
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The separation efficiency of flotation copper is 85.45%, indicating that this copper sulfide ore can be effectively recovered using this separation process. In addition, the grades of associated precious metals in the concentrate were 0.740 g/t Au and 42.90 g/t Ag, with respective recoveries of 9.22% and 26.66%, indicating that these metals ...
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Copper (Cu) ore minerals are naturally occurring compounds that contain copper in various chemical compositions. Copper ore minerals are typically found in rocks and mineral depositsand serve as the primary source of copper for industrial use. Some common copper ore minerals …
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The formation of copper-porphyry ore deposits also seems to depend on tectonic setting. Within subduction zones, copper porphyries occur more frequently in continental arcs (where oceanic ...
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The short duration of ore formation reflects a fundamental characteristic of porphyry deposits, which is that ore deposition is primarily controlled by the very steep temperature gradient along the fluid pathway, from magmatic temperatures (600°–700 °C) at ~4–5 km depth (rarely to 9 km; Rusk et al., 2008), to <300 °C at 1–2 km depth ...
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improving copper ore resource efficiency through application of integrated approaches. ... thus preventing the formation of Fe(OH) 3. Meanwhile, the Cu 2+ eluted from chalcopyrite surface activated monoclinic pyrrhotite; …
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The formation of the native copper ores is not completely understood. The fact that it is a relatively unique deposit of a very large size makes the understanding of the ore formation processes problematic. The lack of sulfur in the ores is a …
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This Review discusses the magmatic, redox and hydrothermal processes required for porphyry ore formation, revealing that both crustal thickness and depth of ore body emplacement can influence ...
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Principal forms in which copper ores are found include native copper, porphyry copper, massive deposits, and mixed ores. Native copper is simply the metal found unadulterated in nature. Occasionally copper is still found in its native form, but more frequently it is mixed with other minerals, some of which may have value themselves. The amount of copper in an ore can …
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Based on the theory of the ore formation rate, locations with high temperature changes and fast pore fluid flow are conducive to the formation of ore bodies (Hobbs et al., 2008, Zhao et al., 2009). The ore-forming structure is closely related to the formation of the ore body. The location of the ore body depends on different geological structures.
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The timing of anatexis, as determined through U–Th–Pb geochronology, coincides with the peak of porphyry copper formation, supporting a link to ore genesis.
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The mineralization and geochemical features of the Tolparovo ore occurrence are studied to reveal the contribution of diagenetic and epigenetic processes in the formation of copper mineralization in redbed deposits. The methods of electron microscopy, ICP MS, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray phase, atomic absorption, thermogravimetric analyses, and C and O …
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